Surface tension is an essential material property that defines many aspects of thermal processes involving liquids. Metal materials have high melting temperatures and surface tension could often be measured around melting temperature and is therefore known for many pure materials and simple material systems. However, high energy inputs during laser, electron beam or plasma processes are known to increase the material temperatures far above the melting point. To build theoretical models, simulate the processes and increase process understanding, surface tension values at those high temperatures would be beneficial to know. However, it can be difficult to create stable circumstances and measure surface tension in those conditions. Therefore, it is suggested in this work to indirectly derive surface tension values from the pressure balance inside keyholes created during laser deep penetration processing. A variety of different keyhole shapes was created using dynamic beam shaping. From the observed keyhole shapes using inline X-ray observations, the temperature distributions on the keyhole walls were calculated using ray tracing. The temperature define the local recoil pressure that counteracts the surface tension pressure, which contains the surface tension value as the only unknown variable. At increasing temperature above the boiling point, an increasing surface tension was observed.
Keywords
- Dynamic Beam Shaping
- Laser-Material Interaction
- Surface Tension
- X-Ray Observation