Laser-based production systems have become more and more popular in recent years due to their potential to achieve high precision and accuracy in a wide range of different applications. However, the kinematic systems used for laser material processing are often inherited from other production technologies such as milling. The use of mobile robots equipped with laser processing optics could disprove the current paradigm of adapted kinematic systems: scaling the size of the material processing system with the size of the components being processed, and thus the resources used. The trend of autonomous mobile robotic systems replacing classical kinematic systems in the field of material handling in industrial applications has been evident for years due to their higher flexibility, efficiency and lower operating costs. In this paper, the prototype of a corresponding mobile robot system is presented. In addition, the general design of the mobile robot is presented. One challenge is the accuracy of a mobile robot system, for a common LMP process such as laser cutting, the mobile robot must be able to follow a predefined trajectory as accurately as possible. For this purpose, two different measurement systems are presented and compared. To demonstrate the potential of the mobile robot, an exemplary laser material processing is also performed and evaluated. Finally, possibilities for improvement or further development, such as the integration of scanner optics or the use of several autonomous mobile robots to increase productivity, are shown.