The development of environmentally sustainable surface engineering techniques for 3D-printed metal parts is essential for advancing fluid-related applications. This study presents two novel, PFAS-free approaches for achieving durable superhydrophilic surfaces on laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) fabricated AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V alloys. The first approach involves the direct application of carbon dots (CDs) to as-printed metal surfaces. This treatment induces strong hydrophilicity with water contact angles below 10°, although it does not significantly enhance directional fluid movement. The second approach integrates nanosecond laser surface texturing to fabricate microgrooves that promote capillary-driven liquid transport, followed by CDs coating. This combination creates a superwicking surface that sustains rapid vertical fluid transport. Both treated surfaces maintained their superhydrophilic behavior for over 30 days in ambient conditions, while untreated control samples gradually transitioned to hydrophobicity. Wettability, wicking dynamics, and surface features were evaluated using contact angle goniometry, high-speed imaging, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings reveal that laser-enabled CDs coating not only stabilizes surface chemistry but also significantly improves fluid transport performance. These results establish a scalable, PFAS-free alternative to conventional coatings for 3D-printed metal components, with promising implications for thermal management systems, self-cleaning surfaces, and microfluidic devices. This approach contributes to the broader goal of sustainable materials processing in advanced manufacturing.
Keywords
- Coating
- Laser Surface Processing